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This device maintains generation of three-dimensional
image. But due to the fact that image 5source in meridian section is arranged
between the raster and its focal plane, image is still virtual, and taking
into account saggital component of the raster, on the one hand, it distinguishes
perspective and enhances the effect of saggital parallax, and, on the
other hand, it does not give the opportunity to obtain image in front
of the screen.
Besides, when placing image source out of focal plane of raster, perspective
behind the screen is limited, too, because the effect of virtual infinity
cannot be achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
The basis of this invention is the task to create a device maintaining
generation of three-dimensional image of entities with outcome in front
of the screen as well as increase of perspective behind the screen up
to virtual infinity.
The problem put by shall be settled as follows: within the limits of this
invention the device generating three-dimensional image of a single two-dimensional
entity is invented; this device contains lens raster designed for arrangement
within distance A from the pictorial plane of the single two-dimensional
entity, if it is required to obtain three-dimensional image of this entity;
at that raster lenses in saggital and meridian sections have variable
curvature radius; in accordance with the invention herein the lens raster
contains two or more (n) types of alternating lenses with focal lengths
f1, f2..., fn. Lenses are arranged at the level of main planes, and distances
D between the lenses are commensurable with the size of the resolution
element for image of a single two-dimensional entity, at that focal length
is f1=A, and focal lengths are f2...,fn<A.
If a TV or a computer monitor screen us used as a source of two-dimensional
image, then pixel is resolution element.
In accordance with the invention, the device is preferably made in such
a way that focal lengths f2,..., fn comply with the following ratio: fmin
<f2,..., fn< fmax, at that
fmin = 0.01P•A/(0.01P+A), fmax = (5P-L)•A/(5P-L+A) , where
P is the size of raster diagonal, L is the distance of the best
spectator’s eye’s vision equal to 25-40cm.
3
Short Description of Drawings
Hereinafter this invention shall be described with references to the drawings
figures:
- fig. 1 shows meridian section of the device;
- fig. 2 shows layout of planes location through the depth.
The Best Variants of the Invention Implementation
The device generating three-dimensional image of entities
in accordance with the specific non-limiting variant of the invention
implementation shown in fig.1 together with the image source 1 made in
the shape of a single two-dimensional entity, and lens raster 2 with lenses,
which have variable curvature radius in saggital and in meridian sections,
at that pictorial plane 3 of image source 1 is parallel with plane N complying
with main planes of spherical components 4, 5, 6 of lens profile 7, 8,
9 of meridian section of raster 2 with focal lengths f1=A; f min; f max
accordingly.
This device generating three-dimensional image of entities
functions as follows:
As far as the plane 3 of image source 1 is overlaid with focal planes
20 fi=A of raster 2 lenses 7, spectator 10, watching points "a"
and "b" in meridian section (Fig.1) of image source 1 through
raster 2 located on sight lines 11 passing through centers of spherical
components 4 of positive lenses 7 of raster 2, perceives them as sight
lines coming out of a n infinitely remote plan 12 (Fig.2) of image created
by image source 1 and raster 2.
While spectator 10 is watching point "c” of plane
3 of image source 1 located on axis 13 of spherical component 5 being
part of positive lens 8 of raster 2, then mating point "c1"
is located at the distance of apprx. 0.01P from raster 2. Conjugated value
of distance A corresponds to value of distance 0.01P. Using formula of
lens we shall define the value of focal length fmin of lens 8, which corresponds
to these conjugated distances:
f mi n = 0.01P • A / 0.01P+A
4
this corresponds to minimally significant outcome of three-dimensional
image in front of the screen, namely, to plan 14 (Fig.2).
While spectator 10 is watching point "g" of plane 3, where image
source 1 is located on axis 15 of spherical component 6 being the part
of lens 9 of raster 2, then 5 mating point "g1" is located at
the distance of apprx. 5P-L from raster 2. Conjugated value of distance
A corresponds to the value of the distance 5P-L. Out of lens formula we
can define the value of focal distance fmax of lens 9, which is corresponding
to these to conjugated distances:
fmax = (5P-L) • A /5P-L+A,
this corresponds to maximal value of outcome of three-dimensional image
in front of the screen, namely, to plan 16 (Fig.2). At that plan 16 is
located at the distance of the best vision L from spectator 10.
Taking into account small dimensions of the spectator’s 10 eye aperture
and its remoteness, while watching the image, from raster 2, this distance
being apprx. equal to the value of raster 2 diagonal multiplied by 5,
and while selecting the size of lenses 7, 8 and 9 commensurable with the
value of resolution element in pictorial plane 3 of image source 1, then
inversion of points"?1"and "g1" appearing in the course
of raster 2 shall not have any impact on the final image.
Calculations of focal distances fmin and fmax given above are performed
for spherical components 4, 5, 6 of raster 2 lenses 7, 8, 9 being based
on the following reasons. Profiles of overwhelming majority of high-aperture
optical surfaces can be resolved into harmonic series, sinusoid being
their basis; this sinusoid has, as it is well-known, maximal optical strength
in its extreme points, neighborhood of them, it its turn, are approximated
by the sphere.
So, images of all extra-axial, as regards the sphere, points will be located
between plans 16 and 12 (Fig.2), and this shall lead to additional infill
of the space by images between plans 16 and 12, and this, in its turn,
contributes to greater accuracy of three-dimensional image.
In saggital section raster 2 forms a stereo mate of plane 3 image of source
1, and it is connected with the fact that rays of light from source 1
come into the right and left eyes of the spectator 10 through parts of
raster 2 having various values of curvature radius
5
While moving sighting point in saggital section, stereo mate scale changes
and this is equivalent to quasi parallax effect.
There are low-speed lens intervals D (Fig.1) between lenses in the raster,
which in various specific variants of invention implementation may have
sizes, which are equal or various but of the same value order; this leads
to appearance of additional plan in three-dimensional image directly in
the pictorial plane 3 of source 1.
So, final three-dimensional image shall be formed as follows: combined
three-dimensional space image appears on the basis of creation of real
three-dimensional image formed by meridian section of raster 2 and due
to psycho-physical transformation of two-dimensional image into three-dimensional
one, this transformation being accomplished by human visual analyzer.
Industrial Adaptability
A device made in accordance with this invention can be used successfully
in the field of television, cinema, computer visualization, stereoscopy,
photography, holography, polygraphy and arts.
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INVENTION FORMULA
1. Device for generation of three-dimensional image of a single two-dimensional
entity; the device has lens raster adapted for arrangement (A) from pictorial
plane of a single two-dimensional entity, if it 5 is desired to obtain
three-dimensional image of this entity; at that lenses of lens raster
in saggital and meridian sections have variable curvature radius; peculiarity
is that lens raster contains two or more (n) types of alternating lenses
with focal lengths f1, f2,…fn, which are arranged on the same level
of main planes with intervals between lenses commensurable with the size
of resolution element
of a single two-dimensional entity image, and at that focal length is
f1=A, and focal lengths
are f2,.. .,fn<A.
2. Device as per Para.1 differing by the following: lenses are made
in such a way that their focal lengths are f2,…, fn and they meet
the following ratio: fmin<f2,…,fn<fmax, and
fmin= 0.01P • A/0.01P +A ,
fmax= (5P - L) • A/5P - L+A ,
where P is the size of raster diagonal, L is the distance of
the best spectator’s eye’s vision
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